congestion
noun
kun-JES-chun 🔊
Urban life
Band 7+
Too much traffic in one place, causing slow movement.
Congestion in the city centre is worst between eight and nine in the morning.
Synonyms
traffic jams overcrowding gridlock
Collocations
traffic congestion ease congestion congestion charge
IELTS tip: 'Ease' or 'reduce congestion' are the best verbs in transport essays.
nuclear family
noun
NYOO-klee-er FAM-ih-lee 🔊
Family
Band 7+
A family consisting only of parents and their children.
The nuclear family has replaced the extended family in many modern cities.
Synonyms
immediate family core family
Collocations
traditional nuclear family decline of the nuclear family nuclear family unit
IELTS tip: Contrast it with 'extended family' in family-change essays.
broaden one's horizons
idiom
BRAW-dun wunz huh-RY-zunz 🔊
Speaking
Band 7+
To gain new experiences and knowledge that change the way you see the world.
Travelling abroad really broadened my horizons and made me more open-minded.
Synonyms
expand one's outlook widen one's perspective
Collocations
travel to broaden your horizons really broaden my horizons help broaden one's horizons
IELTS tip: Change 'one's' to 'my', 'your', 'their'; ideal for travel and education questions.
job security
noun
JOB sih-KYOOR-ih-tee 🔊
Work
Band 6+
The feeling or fact of being unlikely to lose your job.
Many young people now value job security less than the chance to do meaningful work.
Synonyms
employment stability job stability
Collocations
lack of job security offer job security greater job security
IELTS tip: A strong phrase for essays comparing public-sector and private-sector jobs, or permanent and freelance work.
cohesion
noun
koh-HEE-zhun 🔊
Society
Band 8+
The situation in which people in a society live together in unity and cooperation.
Community festivals can strengthen social cohesion in diverse neighbourhoods.
Synonyms
unity solidarity togetherness
Collocations
social cohesion community cohesion undermine cohesion
IELTS tip: 'Social cohesion' is a high-level collocation for immigration and community essays.